工程塑料物性速查 Engineering plastics, typical values
常用牌号的典型范围,用于选材初筛和对数量级。正式设计请以供应商牌号数据表(TDS)为准。
Typical ranges for first-pass material selection. Always confirm against the supplier's datasheet for the exact grade.
通用与工程塑料(未增强) · Unfilled
| 材料 Material | 密度 g/cm³ | 拉伸强度 MPa | 断裂伸长率 % | 弯曲模量 GPa | 熔点 / Tg °C | HDT 1.8 MPa °C | 吸水率 24h % | 备注 Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBT | 1.30–1.32 | 50–60 | 5–50 | 2.3–2.6 | Tm 223–225 | 55–65 | 0.08–0.1 | 尺寸稳定、电性能好,连接器常用;耐水解一般 · stable, good electrical properties |
| PA6(干态 dry) | 1.13–1.14 | 75–85 | 30–100 | 2.5–3.0 | Tm 220–225 | 55–65 | 1.3–1.9 | 调湿后强度、模量明显下降,饱和吸水约 9–10% · drops when conditioned |
| PA6(调湿 cond.) | 1.13–1.14 | 40–55 | 150–250 | 0.9–1.2 | — | — | — | 23 °C / 50% RH 平衡后 · at equilibrium 23 °C / 50% RH |
| PA66(干态 dry) | 1.14 | 80–85 | 20–60 | 2.8–3.2 | Tm 260–265 | 70–80 | 1.0–1.5 | 比 PA6 耐热,饱和吸水约 8–8.5% · higher heat than PA6 |
| POM 共聚 copolymer | 1.41 | 60–65 | 30–60 | 2.5–2.9 | Tm 165–175 | 95–110 | 0.2 | 自润滑、耐疲劳,齿轮卡扣 · gears, snap fits |
| PC | 1.20 | 60–65 | 100–130 | 2.3–2.4 | Tg 145–150 | 125–135 | 0.15 | 透明、抗冲,怕应力开裂和溶剂 · stress cracking with solvents |
| ABS | 1.03–1.06 | 40–50 | 10–30 | 2.0–2.6 | Tg ≈ 105 | 85–100 | 0.2–0.4 | 好加工、可电镀 · easy to mould, platable |
| PP 均聚 homo | 0.90–0.91 | 30–38 | > 100 | 1.2–1.6 | Tm 160–165 | 55–65 | < 0.01 | 轻、耐化学品,低温脆 · light, chemical resistant |
玻纤增强与高温料 · Glass-filled and high-temperature
| 材料 Material | 密度 g/cm³ | 拉伸强度 MPa | 断裂伸长率 % | 弯曲模量 GPa | 熔点 °C | HDT 1.8 MPa °C | 吸水率 24h % | 备注 Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBT GF30 | 1.52–1.55 | 120–140 | 2–3 | 8–10 | 223–225 | 200–210 | 0.06–0.08 | 连接器外壳主力;阻燃牌号多为 V-0 · connector housings |
| PA66 GF30(干态 dry) | 1.36–1.37 | 180–190 | 3 | 8.5–9.5 | 260–265 | 250–255 | 0.7–0.9 | 强度高,吸水后尺寸会变 · absorbs water, dimensions shift |
| PPS GF40 | 1.65–1.70 | 150–200 | 1–2 | 13–15 | ≈ 280 | ≥ 260 | 0.02 | 本质阻燃 V-0,耐化学品,毛边多 · inherently V-0, prone to flash |
| LCP GF30 | 1.60–1.70 | 130–180 | 1–3 | 10–15 | 280–335 | 260–300 | 0.02 | 薄壁流动性极好,回流焊用;熔接线弱 · thin walls, reflow; weak weld lines |
| PA9T / PA6T 系 GF | 1.40–1.50 | 150–200 | 2–3 | 9–12 | 290–310 | 270–290 | 0.1–0.3 | 耐回流焊的半芳香尼龙,吸水远低于 PA66 · reflow-capable, low moisture |
读表提醒 · Reading notes
- 除特别注明外为干态成型试样(dry as moulded),测试标准多为 ISO 527 / 178 / 75;不同标准之间数值不能直接比较。
- 尼龙的强度、模量受吸水影响很大,设计时要看调湿态数据;PBT、PPS、LCP 基本不受影响。
- HDT 只是短时变形温度,不等于长期使用温度(看 RTI / UL 746B)。
- 玻纤增强件有方向性:流动方向和垂直方向的收缩、强度差别明显。
- Values vary by grade, filler and supplier; treat these as orders of magnitude, not design allowables.